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An interesting identity involving radicals

This identity came out while solving the indefinite integral

I=dx(x+1)x2+x+1

I got my answer as 

I=F(x)=ln1+x2+x+112x+x2+x+1

but the answer given in the book was 

I=G(x)=lnx+x2+x+1x+2+x2+x+1

Checking the two answers with WA shows that both are correct.

So it is natural then to ask... what is the relation between these two expressions?

After some short struggle, I found that the relation is as follows:

1+x2+x+112x+x2+x+1=(1)x+x2+x+1x+2+x2+x+1

One can easily prove this by letting a=x2+x+1 and then doing some simple algebraic manipulations.

Of course (4) is true only for those real values of x for which both sides are well-defined. 

The curious thing is that even though F(x) and G(x) have identical derivatives (identical when viewed as an expression of x, I mean), they are never simultaneously well-defined. Why? Because when f(x)=1+x2+x+112x+x2+x+1 and g(x)=x+x2+x+1x+2+x2+x+1 are both defined and non-zero, they have opposite signs (as (4) shows). So we can take logarithm either from one or the other but not from both at the same time.


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